NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The physical separation of members of a population. populations may be physically separated when their original habitat becomes divided. Example: when new land or water barriers form. See also allopatric speciation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Geographic isolation, or allopatry, is a term used in the study of evolution. When part of a population of a species becomes geographically isolated from the remainder, it may over time evolve characteristics different from the parent population (due to natural selection).

Detailed explanation-3: -Allopatric speciation (1) occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another. A physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a waterway, makes it impossible for them to breed with one another.

Detailed explanation-4: -A pretty common example of geographic isolation is a population migrating to an island and becoming separated from the mainland population. This stops the gene flow between the groups of organisms. Over time, the two populations become reproductively isolated and they evolve separately.

Detailed explanation-5: -The best example of speciation resulting from geographic isolation will be that of the Darwin’s finches (subfamily Geospizinae), also known as the Galápagos finches, found on the Galápagos Islands. These species are found on different islands of this archipelago.