NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Human Genome Project is an international research project whose primary mission is to decipher the chemical sequence of the complete human genetic material (i.e., the entire genome), identify all 50, 000 to 100, 000 genes contained within the genome, and provide research tools to analyze all this genetic information.

Detailed explanation-2: -The PacBio HiFi DNA sequencing method can read about 20, 000 letters with nearly perfect accuracy. The Oxford Nanopore DNA sequencing method can read even more-up to 1 million DNA letters at a time-with modest accuracy. Both were used to generate the complete human genome sequence.

Detailed explanation-3: -An international project In total, the ‘International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium’, as the Human Genome Project team” was known, involved scientists from 20 institutions in six countries: France, Germany, Japan, China, the UK and the USA (the full list can be found below).

Detailed explanation-4: -Planning for the project started after it was adopted in 1984 by the US government, and it officially launched in 1990. It was declared complete on April 14, 2003, and included about 92% of the genome. Level “complete genome” was achieved in May 2021, with a remaining only 0.3% bases covered by potential issues.