NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mutations are sudden random changes in genetic code which are hereditary in nature and cause a change in phenotype. This can occur at the level of individual genes or nucleotides like point mutations or at the level of chromosomes like the deletions. Most mutations are either neutral or harmful in effects.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mutations can be caused by high-energy sources such as radiation or by chemicals in the environment. They can also appear spontaneously during the replication of DNA. Mutations generally fall into two types: point mutations and chromosomal aberrations. In point mutations, one base pair is changed.

Detailed explanation-3: -It is well known that the main driving forces of evolution in any population are mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. The ability of these driving forces to perform their role is dependent on the amount of genetic diversity within and among populations.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutation is important as the first step of evolution because it creates a new DNA sequence for a particular gene, creating a new allele. Recombination also can create a new DNA sequence (a new allele) for a specific gene through intragenic recombination.

Detailed explanation-5: -Genetic mutation, which forms the basis of evolutionary adaptation, is reliant on chance events. Put simply, evolution is the product of random mutation. A rare few mutations can improve an organism’s chance of survival in certain environments over others.