NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Following a population bottleneck, the remaining population faces a higher level of genetic drift, which describes random fluctuations in the presence of alleles in a population. In small populations, infrequently occurring alleles face a greater chance of being lost, which can further decrease the gene pool.

Detailed explanation-2: -The bottleneck effect occurs when a population’s size is reduced for at least one generation. Undergoing a bottleneck can greatly reduce the genetic variation in a population, leaving it more susceptible to extinction if it is unable to adapt to climactic changes or changes in resource availablility.

Detailed explanation-3: -Populations generate genetic variation over time, which can be specifically reduced by selection or stochastically reduced by genetic bottlenecks. After a bottleneck, a limited number of randomly selected individuals create a founding population, resulting in genetic drift.

Detailed explanation-4: -Because genetic drift acts more quickly to reduce genetic variation in small populations, undergoing a bottleneck can reduce a population’s genetic variation by a lot, even if the bottleneck doesn’t last for very many generations.