NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Darwin observed the Galapagos finches had a graded series of beak sizes and shapes and predicted these species were modified from one original mainland species.

Detailed explanation-2: -Later, Darwin concluded that several birds from one species of finch had probably been blown by storm or otherwise separated to each of the islands from one island or from the mainland. The finches had to adapt to their new environments and food sources. They gradually evolved into different species.

Detailed explanation-3: -Key factors in their evolutionary diversification are environmental change, natural selection, and cultural evolution. A long-term study of finch populations on the island of Daphne Major has revealed that evolution occurs by natural selection when the finches’ food supply changes during droughts.

Detailed explanation-4: -However, the Galapagos finches helped Darwin solidify his idea of natural selection. The favorable adaptations of Darwin’s Finches’ beaks were selected for over generations until they all branched out to make new species. These birds, although nearly identical in all other ways to mainland finches, had different beaks.

Detailed explanation-5: -So, the correct option is ‘Biogeography’.