NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Homologous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may or may not hav e the same function in the descendants. Figure below shows the hands of several different mammals. They all have the same basic pattern of bones.

Detailed explanation-2: -Homologous structures share a similar embryonic origin; analogous organs have a similar function. For example, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are homologous to the bones in the human arm. These structures are not analogous. The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird are analogous but not homologous.

Detailed explanation-3: -A common example of homologous structures in evolutionary biology are the wings of bats and the arms of primates. Although these two structures do not look similar or have the same function, genetically, they come from the same structure of the last common ancestor.

Detailed explanation-4: -The arm of a human, the wing of a bird or a bat, the leg of a dog and the flipper of a dolphin or whale are homologous structures. They are different and have a different purpose, but they are similar and share common traits.

Detailed explanation-5: -Homologous structures share an ancestor but serve a different function but analogous structures serve a similar function but do not share an ancestor. Vestigial structures are traits that our ancestors needed but no longer serve a purpose in our environment.