NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mutagenesis is the process by which an organism’s deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) change, resulting in a gene mutation. A mutation is a permanent and heritable change in genetic material, which can result in altered protein function and phenotypic changes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism. This may involve changing a single base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a region of DNA or adding a new segment of DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -Changes to short stretches of nucleotides are called gene-level mutations, because these mutations affect the specific genes that provide instructions for various functional molecules, including proteins. Changes in these molecules can have an impact on any number of an organism’s physical characteristics.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gene variants (also known as mutations) can have varying effects on health, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins. Variant types include the following: Substitution. This type of variant replaces one DNA building block (nucleotide) with another.

Detailed explanation-5: -Genetic alternations include chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations. Chromosomal abnormalities generally arise during cell division. They can be numeric, involving the number of chromosomes, or structural, involving the atypical configuration of one or more chromosomes.