NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Reproductive isolation occurs when a population splits into two groups and the two populations no longer interbreed. When populations become reproductively isolated, they can evolve into two separate species.

Detailed explanation-2: -Speciation is the process by which new species form. It occurs when groups in a species become reproductively isolated and diverge. In allopatric speciation, groups from an ancestral population evolve into separate species due to a period of geographical separation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sympatric speciation occurs when two populations in the same location become unable to interbreed due to reproductive isolation, which reduces gene flow between populations and thus increases the likelihood of speciation occurring.

Detailed explanation-4: -The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation. They prevent members of different species from producing offspring, or ensure that any offspring are sterile.