NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Peripatric speciation is a type of allopatric speciation in which a small part of a population is separated from the main population and evolves in isolation. The founder effect is often observable in the separated population. Orthopatric is not a type of speciation, so it is the correct answer.

Detailed explanation-2: -Allopatric speciation (1) occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another. A physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a waterway, makes it impossible for them to breed with one another.

Detailed explanation-3: -Darwinian evolutionists distinguished between two main forms of speciation, allopatric speciation, taking place under conditions of spatial isolation of populations, and sympatric speciation, occurring within populations sharing the same habitat.

Detailed explanation-4: -Allopatric speciation-allo meaning other and patric meaning homeland-involves geographic separation of populations from a parent species and subsequent evolution. Sympatric speciation-sym meaning same and patric meaning homeland-involves speciation occurring within a parent species remaining in one location.

Detailed explanation-5: -Which situation is NOT an example of allopatric speciation? D is correct. Choice D does not describe allopatric speciation; it describes peripatric speciation, which is when members of a population on the border of the range break off and evolve into a different species.