NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features).

Detailed explanation-2: -On the opposite side of the spectrum, analogous structures are similar physical features in organisms that do not share a common ancestor. Instead, these structures are related to one another because they perform the same function. An example of this are the wings of a bat and the wings of a bird.

Detailed explanation-3: -Traits that are shared due to common ancestry are homologous structures. The similar bone arrangement of the human, bird, and whale forelimb is a structural homology. Structural homologies indicate a shared common ancestor.

Detailed explanation-4: -Analogous structures are similar structures in unrelated organisms. These structures are similar because they do the same job, not because they share common ancestry. For example, dolphins and sharks both have fins, even though they aren’t related.