NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Because the “tester” individual makes one known type of gamete, the ratios of phenotypes among the progeny of the cross indicate the type and frequencies of gametes made by the individual with the unknown genotype. Once you know the gametes that this individual produces, you can “reconstruct” the individual’s genotype.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA sequencing and other methods can be used to determine the genotypes at millions of locations in a genome in a single experiment. Some genotypes contribute to an individual’s observable traits, called the phenotype.

Detailed explanation-3: -A test cross is a cross between an individual with an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive genotype. It is a method to determine the genotype of an organism.

Detailed explanation-4: -A test cross is an experiment that is used to find out the genotype of a dominant plant of the F2 generation. It is performed by crossing the dominant offspring with the homozygous recessive parent.