NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Humans are called diploid organisms because they have two alleles at each genetic locus, with one allele inherited from each parent.

Detailed explanation-2: -Number of genotypes for a given number of alleles Given n alleles at a locus, the number genotypes possible is the sum of the integers between 1 and n: With 2 alleles, the number of genotypes is 1 + 2 = 3.

Detailed explanation-3: -The term ‘genotype’ is usually used to refer to specific alleles. Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene that occupy the same location on a chromosome. At any given locus, there are 2 alleles (1 on each chromosome in the pair) – you get 1 allele from your mother and 1 from your father.

Detailed explanation-4: -The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus. A homozygous genotype may include two normal alleles or two alleles that have the same variant.

Detailed explanation-5: -Multiple alleles exist at the population level and an individual can have only two alleles for the given gene. An individual can have only one type of allele (homozygous) or two different alleles (heterozygous).