NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -allele, also called allelomorph, any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome. Alleles may occur in pairs, or there may be multiple alleles affecting the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait.

Detailed explanation-2: -Thus, a pair of genes is called pair of alleles and it is referred as genotype. Humans are diploid organisms because they have two alleles at each genetic locus, one allele from the father and one allele from the mother. So, each pair of alleles represents the genotype of a particular gene.

Detailed explanation-3: -If the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that allele. If the alleles are different, the individual is heterozygous.

Detailed explanation-4: -Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each person’s unique physical features. Scientists keep track of genes by giving them unique names.

Detailed explanation-5: -There is one pair of each gene present on homologous chromosomes, one from each parent. These are known as alleles that play an important role in shaping the features of the individuals.