NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Our modern understanding of how traits may be inherited through generations comes from the principles proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865. However, Mendel didn’t discover these foundational principles of inheritance by studying human beings, but rather by studying Pisum sativum, or the common pea plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gregor Mendel describes his experiments with peas showing that heredity is transmitted in discrete units. From earliest time, people noticed the resemblance between parents and offspring, among animals and plants as well as in human families.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mendel encountered a number of benefits in using the pea plant for his experiments on heredity. Specifically, the Pisum sativum plant reproduces and matures quickly, has easily observable physical traits, and can be easily artificially fertilized.

Detailed explanation-4: -In this experiment, Mendel took two pea plants of opposite traits (one short and one tall) and crossed them. He found the first generation offspring were tall and called it F1 progeny. Then he crossed F1 progeny and obtained both tall and short plants in the ratio 3:1.