GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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They are very small. They do not need large containers. They have no mitochondria.
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They reproduce asexually. They can double their numbers in twenty minutes in good conditions. They have cell walls.
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They have the same genetic code as other organisms. They have plasmids. There is a lack of ethical concern about their use.
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Their DNA is not in a nucleus. They have a cell membrane. They have a large surface area to volume ratio.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Bacteria are extremely useful for genetic engineering purposes because: They contain the same genetic code as the organisms we are taking the genes from, meaning they can easily ‘read’ it and produce the same proteins.
Detailed explanation-2: -Plasmids are important “vehicles” for the communication of genetic information between bacteria. The exchange of plasmids transmits pathogenically and environmentally relevant traits to the host bacteria, promoting their rapid evolution and adaptation to various environments.
Detailed explanation-3: -We use bacteria as protein factories Bacteria can translate foreign genes into proteins – and scientists have ways to ensure that the bacteria make the proteins in large amounts. For these reasons, bacteria can function as ‘protein factories’, producing medically important proteins and others.
Detailed explanation-4: -Bacteriaare useful to genetic engineering as they reproduce very rapidlybut still have the ability to produce complex molecules. Bacteria contain plasmids, which are circular rings of DNA, into which new genes can be inserted, removed or changed.