NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA polymerase ɛ loads onto the leading strand, and DNA polymerase loads onto the lagging strand to synthesize new DNA from the 3′ end of iDNA. On the lagging strand, sections of RNA primer followed by iDNA are removed by an exonuclease and then refilled with DNA by DNA polymerase .

Detailed explanation-2: -Polymerase is found in a complex with primase, and it appears to function in conjunction with primase to synthesize short RNA-DNA fragments during lagging strand synthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -On the lagging strand, DNA synthesis restarts many times as the helix unwinds, resulting in many short fragments called “Okazaki fragments.” DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together into a single DNA molecule. Helicase opens up the DNA at the replication fork.

Detailed explanation-4: -The leading strand can be extended from one primer alone, whereas the lagging strand needs a new primer for each of the short Okazaki fragments.

Detailed explanation-5: -How does the DNA polymerase that is synthesizing the lagging strand stay bound to its template DNA strand and coordinate with the DNA polymerase on the leading strand? The parent DNA strands are both synthesized by the same DNA polymerase. Special enzymes called coordinases keep the two polymerases together.