GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Translation
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Polypeptide synthesis
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Binding of Larger subunit of ribosome to initiation complex
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Charging of tRNA
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Detailed explanation-1: -Mutations in the tRNA body could cause miscoding through two possible mechanisms, i) by increasing the flexibility of the tRNA body or ii) by forming stabilizing interactions in the A/T state.
Detailed explanation-2: -For example, mutations in the anticodon region of a tRNA gene can result in a tRNA that sometimes inserts an amino acid at an erroneous stop codon; if the original mutation is caused by a stop codon, which arrests translation at that point, then a tRNA anticodon change can insert…
Detailed explanation-3: -If the incorrect anticodon pairs with the codon, then the tRNA is likely carrying a different amino acid than the one specified by the codon, and this amino acid will be added to the protein so long as it does successfully bind to the mRNA’s codon.
Detailed explanation-4: -Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) play a central role in protein biosynthesis by catalyzing the attachment of a given amino acid to the 3’ end of its cognate tRNA. They do this by forming an energy-rich aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate of the cognate amino acid, which serves to transfer the amino acid to the tRNA.