GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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the types of sugars used in making the DNA molecule
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the sequence of nucleotides along the length of the two strands of the DNA molecule
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the variation in the structure of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule
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the sequence of amino acids that makes up the DNA molecule
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Detailed explanation-1: -Genetic information is carried in the linear sequence of nucleotides in DNA. Each molecule of DNA is a double helix formed from two complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between G-C and A-T base pairs.
Detailed explanation-2: -Each strand is made up of a sequence of four nucleotides, A, C, G, and T. The order of the nucleotide sequence encodes genetic information. Since the nucleotides pair in a predictable way-A with T, and C with G-each strand of the DNA is always complementary to the other.
Detailed explanation-3: -Hydrogen bonds between the bases keep the two strands together, with adenine forming a base pair with thymine and cytosine forming a base pair with guanine. 3.4 Å is occupied by every base pair (2 nucleotides). Therefore, 1700/3.4 = 500 base pairs or 1000 nucleotides occur in a DNA segment with a length of 1700 Å.
Detailed explanation-4: -If we simply calculate the length of the DNA on the basis of the distance between each nucleotide, i.e. 0.34 nm or 0.34 x 10-9 m. It will come out to be around 2.2 meters, which is way more than the size of the nucleus, i.e. 10-6 m.
Detailed explanation-5: -Covalent bonds occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (both within each component and between components). Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing.