NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA polymerase is responsible for the process of DNA replication, during which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied into two identical DNA molecules. Scientists have taken advantage of the power of DNA polymerase molecules to copy DNA molecules in test tubes via polymerase chain reaction, also known as PCR.

Detailed explanation-2: -One of the key molecules in DNA replication is the enzyme DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.

Detailed explanation-3: -The primary role of DNA polymerases is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to ensure the maintenance of the genetic information and its faithful transmission through generations.

Detailed explanation-4: -At least three DNA polymerases are required for eukaryotic genome replication: DNA polymerase alpha (Pol ), DNA polymerase delta (Pol ) and DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol ) (1). Pol initiates DNA synthesis on both the leading and lagging strands by synthesizing a RNA/DNA hybrid primer.

Detailed explanation-5: -The main function of the third polymerase, Pol III, is duplication of the chromosomal DNA, while other DNA polymerases are involved mostly in DNA repair and translesion DNA synthesis. Together with a DNA helicase and a primase, Pol III HE participates in the replicative apparatus that acts at the replication fork.