GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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attach free nucleotides to the new DNA strand
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synthesize an RNA primer to initiate DNA strand synthesis
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link together short strands of DNA
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separate the two strands of DNA
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Detailed explanation-1: -DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template. Here are some key features of DNA polymerases: They always need a template. They can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a DNA strand.
Detailed explanation-2: -The primary role of DNA polymerases is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to ensure the maintenance of the genetic information and its faithful transmission through generations.
Detailed explanation-3: -After the primer is in place on a single, unwound polynucleotide strand, DNA polymerase wraps itself around that strand, and it attaches new nucleotides to the exposed nitrogenous bases.
Detailed explanation-4: -In prokaryotic cells, polymerase III is the major replicative polymerase, functioning in the synthesis both of the leading strand of DNA and of Okazaki fragments by the extension of RNA primers. Polymerase I then removes RNA primers and fills the gaps between Okazaki fragments.