GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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To keep it tight and protect it; has been connected to oldness.
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To keep it loose and moving; has been connected to oldness.
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To keep it moving fast; has been connected to looking younger.
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To keep it tight and protect it; has been connected to looking younger.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Telomeres protect chromosome ends from fusion and from being recognized as sites of DNA damage (Box 1). Dysfunctional telomeres, arising by critical shortening of telomeres in normal somatic cells during progressive cell divisions, elicit DNA damage responses (DDRs) that trigger cellular senescence.
Detailed explanation-2: -The telomere acts as a buffer to ensure the important genetic information coded for on the chromosome is completely copied for each new cell and protected from damage. Over time, this results in fewer and fewer DNA repeats making up the telomeres after each cell division i.e. gradually the telomeres shorten.
Detailed explanation-3: -Telomere length shortens with age. Rate of telomere shortening may indicate the pace of aging. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, stress, exposure to pollution, etc. can potentially increase the rate of telomere shortening, cancer risk, and pace of aging.
Detailed explanation-4: -Telomeres act as caps that protect the internal regions of the chromosomes, and they’re worn down a small amount in each round of DNA replication.
Detailed explanation-5: -Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. They protect chromosome ends from DNA degradation, recombination, and DNA end fusions, and they are important for nuclear architecture. Telomeres provide a mechanism for their replication by semiconservative DNA replication and length maintenance by telomerase.