NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A pneumotaxic center in the pons acts as a switch between inspiratory and expiratory signals, which are generated by inspiratory (dorsal respiratory group) and expiratory (ventral respiratory group) signaling centers located in the medulla. From: The Human Body, 2019.

Detailed explanation-2: -Thus, during normal breathing, vagal impulse activity from stretch receptors increases with the onset of inspiration, dying down as expiration begins. Stimulation of the stretch receptors by maximally inflating the lungs in humans inhibits inspiration, thereby limiting tidal volume, and also slows respiratory rate.

Detailed explanation-3: -The inspiratory and expiratory centres are present in the Medulla of the brain. The Pneumotaxic and the Apneustic centres are present in the Pons. The inspiratory system is basically responsible for inspiration. The expiratory system becomes activated during forced expiration.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the medulla, the ventral respiratory group (VRG) consists of four groups of neurons that make up the exhalation (expiratory) area of respiratory control. This area is in the ventrolateral part of the medulla, about 5 mm anterior and lateral to the dorsal respiratory group.

Detailed explanation-5: -Final answer: The respiratory centers, which control inspiration and expiration, are located in the medulla oblongata.