NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bacteria may trigger ulcers in the following way: H pylori enters the mucus layer of the stomach and attaches to the stomach lining. H pylori cause the stomach to produce more stomach acid. This damages the stomach lining, leading to ulcers in some people.

Detailed explanation-2: -H. pylori infection leads to inflammation through a variety of pathways, induced both in the gastric epithelial cells which they first contact and in circulating immune cells recruited to the site of infection. Inflammatory molecules found to be upregulated in the stomachs of H.

Detailed explanation-3: -The bacteria secrete an enzyme called urease that converts urea to ammonia. This ammonia protects the bacteria from stomach acid. As H. pylori multiply, it eats into stomach tissue, which leads to gastritis and/or gastric ulcer.

Detailed explanation-4: -In addition, the gastric epithelium layer, which forms the major interface between H. pylori and the host, secretes chemokines to initiate innate immunity and activate neutrophils, and further lead to the formation of clinical diseases such as gastritis and ulcer.