HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Cl-and HCO3-ions move into the blood and decrease its solute potential
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Cl-and HCO3-ions move into the blood and increase its solute potential
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Cl-and HCO3-ions move into the intestine lumen and decrease its solute potential
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Cl-and HCO3-ions move into the intestine lumen and increase its solute potential
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Detailed explanation-1: -This occurs when the absorption of sodium by the villi is impaired while the secretion of chloride in the crypts continues or is increased (see Figure 2.1, part 2). Net fluid secretion results and leads to the loss of water and salts from the body as watery stools; this causes dehydration.
Detailed explanation-2: -A bacterium called Vibrio cholerae causes cholera infection. The deadly effects of the disease are the result of a toxin the bacteria produces in the small intestine. The toxin causes the body to secrete enormous amounts of water, leading to diarrhea and a rapid loss of fluids and salts (electrolytes).
Detailed explanation-3: -Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. People can get sick when they swallow food or water contaminated with cholera bacteria. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but can sometimes be severe and life-threatening.
Detailed explanation-4: -To cause the diarrheal disease cholera, Vibrio cholerae must effectively colonize the small intestine. In order to do so, the bacterium needs to successfully travel through the stomach and withstand the presence of agents such as bile and antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal lumen and mucus.