NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the stroma. It contains enzymes that work with ATP and NADPH to “fix” carbon from carbon dioxide into molecules that can be used to build glucose.

Detailed explanation-2: -The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -While sunlight is used during the light reactions to produce ATP and the electron carrier NADPH, the dark reactions use these products to complete photosynthesis without the use of light energy. The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH in the thylakoids of chloroplasts.

Detailed explanation-4: -The dark reaction occurs outside of the thylakoids. In this reaction, the energy from ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbon dioxide (CO2). The products of this reaction are sugar molecules and other organic molecules necessary for cell function and metabolism.

Detailed explanation-5: -Photosynthesis takes place in two distinct stages. In the light reactions, energy from sunlight drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH, coupled to the formation of O2 from H2O. In the dark reactions, so named because they do not require sunlight, the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions drive glucose synthesis.