NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts. Photosystems, large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light, play a key role in the light reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight. The sunlight is converted to chemical energy during these reactions.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystems I and II. Cytochrome b6f complex. ATP synthase.

Detailed explanation-4: -The thylakoid membrane contains a series of embedded pigments and proteins that are essential to perform the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. In order, these are Photosystem II, plastoquinone, cytochrome b6f, plastocyanin, Photosystem I, ferredoxin, and NADP+ reductase.

Detailed explanation-5: -Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent reactions, which take place at the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and then converts it into chemical energy with the use of water.