NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -3. The light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use stored chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions to “fix” CO2 and create a product that can be converted into glucose.

Detailed explanation-2: -Light reactions harness energy from the sun to produce chemical bonds, ATP, and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where carbon fixation takes place.

Detailed explanation-3: -Molecules of CO2 gas are fixed into molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. Subsequent reactions convert molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate into molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, some of which will ultimately be converted into glucose in the cytoplasm of the plant cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carbon dioxide is fixed by a series of light-independent reactions, called the dark reactions, which utilize the NADPH and ATP generated by light-dependent electron transport within the thylakoid membranes.