NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Photosynthesis. This overview of photosynthesis shows the light-dependent reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and the Calvin cycle taking place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Detailed explanation-2: -The specific process in the light-dependent reactions that produces oxygen is the photolysis of water.

Detailed explanation-3: -The light-dependent reactions release oxygen as a byproduct as water is broken apart. In the Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, the chemical energy derived from the light-dependent reactions drives both the capture of carbon in carbon dioxide molecules and the subsequent assembly of sugar molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the “standard” form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP .

Detailed explanation-5: -Stage I is called the light reactions because it requires sunlight or artificial light. This stage uses water and changes light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH (another energy-carrying molecule). This stage also releases oxygen as a waste product.