NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are the characteristics of cells in phase of growth.

Detailed explanation-2: -meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation. Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are the characteristics of the cells in this phase. Further away from the apex, i.e., more proximal to the phase of elongation, lies the portion of axis which is undergoing the phase of maturation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vacuole volume increases during rapamycin treatment are due in part to the change in the vacuole’s fusion state-i.e., increased fusion/decreased fission.

Detailed explanation-4: -The cells proximal to the meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation. Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement, and new cell wall deposition are the characteristics of the cells in this phase.

Detailed explanation-5: -Plant cells elongate irreversibly only when load-bearing bonds in the walls are cleaved. Auxin causes the elongation of stem and coleoptile cells by promoting wall loosening via cleavage of these bonds. This process may be coupled with the intercalation of new cell wall polymers.