NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The glucose prepared in the leaves is converted into sugar. The sugar in the form of sucrose is moved into the companion cells and then into the living phloem sieve tube cells by active transport. This creates a hypertonic condition in the phloem. Water in xylem vessels adjacent to phloem moves through endosmosis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sugars produced in sources, such as leaves, need to be delivered to growing parts of the plant via the phloem in a process called translocation, or movement of sugar.

Detailed explanation-3: -In plants, sugars are produced through photosynthesis in leaves. The synthesized sugar molecules are transported to different tissues and organelles through a class of specialized cellular uptake transporters called SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters).

Detailed explanation-4: -The phloem carries food downward from the leaves to the roots. Xylem cells constitute the major part of a mature woody stem or root. They are stacked end to end in the center of the plant, forming a vertical column that conducts water and minerals absorbed by the roots upward through the stem to the leaves.