NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Companion cells have a nucleus, are packed with dense cytoplasm contain many ribosomes and many mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-2: -Among other adaptations, companion cells therefore contain many mitochondria. This allows them to carry out cellular respiration at a high rate and, hence, release lots of energy.

Detailed explanation-3: -Companion cells showed a dense cytoplasm and various small vacuoles. They also revealed their characteristic large nucleus and abundant mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-4: -The companion cells have dense protoplasts which contain the typical organelles of plant cells, including chloroplasts and many ribosomes. The sieve elements and companion cells are interconnected by numerous branched plasmodesmata. The companion cells degenerate when the associated sieve elements cease to function.

Detailed explanation-5: -This active transport of sugar into the companion cells occurs via a proton-sucrose symporter; the companion cells use an ATP-powered proton pump to create an electrochemical gradient outside of the cell.