NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mesophyll cells originate from the L2 and L3 layers of the shoot apical meristem. A major role of leaf mesophyll cells is to contain large populations of chloroplasts, which carry out photosynthetic carbon assimilation facilitating plant growth.

Detailed explanation-2: -The process of photosynthesis occurs in a middle layer called the mesophyll. The gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs through small, regulated openings called stomata (singular: stoma ), which also play a role in the plant’s regulation of water balance.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gas exchange The spongy mesophyll cells are covered by a thin layer of water. Gases dissolve in this water as they move into and out of the cells. When the plant is photosynthesising during the day, these features allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the spongy mesophyll cells, and oxygen to diffuse out of them.

Detailed explanation-4: -The phloem and xylem are the main tissues responsible for this movement. Water potential, evapotranspiration, and stomatal regulation influence how water and nutrients are transported in plants.