NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Photosynthesis takes place primarily in the mesophyll tissue, while epidermal cells lack chloroplasts in most species. Guard cells, which developed from protodermal cells, do contain photosynthetically active chloroplasts in most species (Gotow et al. 1988, Outlaw et al.

Detailed explanation-2: -Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairs of guard cells surround and form stomatal pores, which regulate CO2 influx from the atmosphere into the leaves for photosynthetic carbon fixation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Guard cells use osmotic pressure to open and close stomata, allowing plants to regulate the amount of water and solutes within them. In order for plants to produce energy and maintain cellular function, their cells undergo the highly intricate process of photosynthesis . Critical in this process is the stoma.

Detailed explanation-4: -In plants, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane and contain a third inner membrane, called the thylakoid membrane, that forms long folds within the organelle.

Detailed explanation-5: -Typically, most of the stomata (thousands per square centimeter) are located in the lower epidermis. Although most of the cells of the lower epidermis resemble those of the upper epidermis, each stoma is flanked by two sausage-shaped cells called guard cells.