NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lignin is a waterproof polymer which is present in cell wall to strengthen the cell. Water and other dissolved minerals enter the plants through the soil from the roots and are transported up the plant through the xylem. Water reaches the lignified walls that are impermeable with water.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water moves across cell membranes by diffusion, in a process known as osmosis. Osmosis refers specifically to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, with the solvent (water, for example) moving from an area of low solute (dissolved material) concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lignin is a crucial organic polymer which is abundant in cell walls of some specific cells. As they are dead, they cement together and anchor the cellulose fibres of the cell wall giving it a rigid and woody structure. It shows hydrophobic properties, which means they do not mix with water and are impermeable.

Detailed explanation-4: -As a complex phenolic polymer, lignin enhances plant cell wall rigidity, hydrophobic properties and promotes minerals transport through the vascular bundles in plant [13]. In addition, lignin is an important barrier that protects against pests and pathogens [14].