NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Haploid cells that are specialized for sexual fusion are called gametes. Typically, two types of gametes are formed: one is large and nonmotile and is referred to as the egg (or ovum); the other is small and motile and is referred to as the sperm (or spermatozoon) (Figure 20-4).

Detailed explanation-2: -Humans are diploid, and most of the body’s cells contain 23 chromosomes pairs. Human gametes (egg and sperm cells), however, contain a single set of chromosomes and are said to be haploid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. The term haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes. In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -A diploid chromosome set occurs in most eukaryotes in somatic cells – that is, non-sex cells. These cells contain the entire set of genetic material, or chromosomes, of the organism, or double the haploid chromosome set.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ova and sperm are haploid cells, with each cell carrying only one copy of each chromosome. During fertilization, a sperm and ovum unite to form a new diploid organism.