NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The majority of mutations have neither negative nor positive effects on the organism in which they occur. These mutations are called neutral mutations. Examples include silent point mutations. They are neutral because they do not change the a mino acid s in the proteins they encode.

Detailed explanation-2: -Harmful mutations may cause genetic disorders or cancer. Beneficial mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They increase an organism’s changes of surviving or reproducing, so they are likely to become more common over time. A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most gene mutations have no effect on health. And the body can repair many mutations. Some mutations are even helpful. For example, people can have a mutation that protects them from heart disease or gives them harder bones.

Detailed explanation-4: -A gene mutation is the change in the base sequence of DNA that results in the formation of a new allele. It has no effect because the genetic code is degenerate, does change the amino acid but no effect on the tertiary structure, the new allele is recessive so it doesn’t influence the phenotype.

Detailed explanation-5: -A beneficial mutation is a type of mutation that has a positive effect on an organism. These mutations are rare, but significant. The advantage a beneficial mutation provides the organism is passed down from generation to generation, increasing chances for the offspring to survive.