NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Leaf stomata are the primary sites of transpiration and consist of two guard cells that form a small pore on the surfaces of leaves. The guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata in response to various environmental stimuli and can regulate the rate of transpiration to reduce water loss.

Detailed explanation-2: -Each pair of guard cells and the regulated pore they enclose, known as a stoma or stomate, provides a conduit for atmospheric photosynthetic gas exchange (CO2 uptake and O2 release) and transpirational release of water (H2O) in terrestrial plants, in addition to defense against pathogenic invasion.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stomata are pores in the plant epidermis that function as gateways linking the intercellular gas spaces to the external environment. Two guard cells surround each stomatal pore, and changes in turgor pressure of the guard cells regulate the size of the pore aperture.

Detailed explanation-4: -The plural of stoma is stomata. There is no such word as “stomates.” Stomata occur in vascular plants.

Detailed explanation-5: -Key regulators of stomata are plant vacuoles, fluid-filled organelles bound by a single membrane called the tonoplast. Like animals, plants breathe. The gas exchange into and out of a plant leaf occurs at the underside of leaves, and the process is precisely regulated.