BRAIN
CRANIAL NERVES
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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The Sniff Test
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Pupillary Light Reflex
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Convergence; adduction of the eyes
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Oculomotor ROM & Smooth Pursuits; the “Big H” pattern
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Detailed explanation-1: -Computed tomography (CT) scan is generally the first line imaging study in trauma but is often normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head (MRI) is often unremarkable in CNV IV palsy but may show a dorsal midbrain contusion or hemorrhage.
Detailed explanation-2: -Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, XI, and XII are pure motor nerves. Cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X are mixed sensory and motor nerves. The olfactory nerve (CN I) contains special sensory neurons concerned with smell. The optic nerve (CN II) contains sensory neurons dedicated to vision.
Detailed explanation-3: -Test eye movement by using a penlight. Stand 1 foot in front of the patient and ask them to follow the direction of the penlight with only their eyes. Test bilateral pupils to ensure they are equally round and reactive to light and accommodation .