NEET PG DENTAL EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells to increase liver glycogenolysis, liver gluconeogenesis, liver ketogenesis, lipolysis, as well as decreases lipogenesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Activation of the hypothalamus initiates the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which in turn signals to the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). This then signals to the cortical layer of the adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids, which can act on peripheral tissues.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cortisol is released during the ‘stress response’ to illness. Cortisol stimulates glucose production to help maintain blood glucose levels. Cortisol also has anti-inflammatory effects especially at higher amounts.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis in liver, whereas in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue they decrease glucose uptake and utilization by antagonizing insulin response. Therefore, excess glucocorticoid exposure causes hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.