NEET PG DENTAL EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -The immune system and the nervous system maintain extensive communication, including ‘hardwiring’ of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to lymphoid organs. Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P and histamine modulate immune activity.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Autonomic Nervous System The CNS regulates immune function, inflammation, and pathogens responses against host tissues, through the production of inhibitory cytokines, hormones, and other soluble molecules able to signal to the brain, which in turn exerts strong regulatory effects on the immune response (5, 32).

Detailed explanation-3: -The immune system is highly receptive to endocrine signals due to the expression of hormone receptors on immune cells. The impact of this immune–endocrine cross talk and related immune responses becomes clearly evident when assessing immunity from a sex-specific perspective.