NEET PG DENTAL EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -The kidneys have two main ways to maintain acid-base balance-their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine. By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream’s pH.

Detailed explanation-2: -Through the action of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IV and II, the filtered bicarbonate gets reabsorbed back into the blood via electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) on the basolateral side.

Detailed explanation-3: -The kidney excretes hydrogen ion through the processes of titratable acid excretion and urinary ammonium excretion1, 2). Quantitatively, urinary ammonium excretion is the primary mechanism of net acid excretion both under basal conditions and in response to acid loads1-3).

Detailed explanation-4: -Renal proximal tubules are actively involved in systemic acid-base homeostasis by regulating bicarbonate reabsorption and proton excretion in the urine (1, 3, 25).