NEET PG DENTAL EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -Hydronephrosis is defined as dilatation and distension of the renal collecting system of one or both kidneys due to obstruction of urine outflow distal to the renal pelvis (i.e., ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra).

Detailed explanation-2: -Hydronephrosis occurs when there is either a blockage of the outflow of urine, or reverse flow of urine already in the bladder (called reflux) that can cause the renal pelvis to become enlarged.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hydronephrosis describes hydrostatic dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces as a result of obstruction to urine flow downstream.

Detailed explanation-4: -Calyces are the cavity or conduit that collects the urine from the kidney pyramids and funnels the urine into the ureter (the tube running from the kidney to the bladder). If this conduit or cavity becomes enlarged and ballooned with urine, possibly because of blockage of urine flow, this leads to calyceal dilatation.