FORESTRY
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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SOIL POLLUTION
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
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WATER AND AIR POLLUTION
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ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Detailed explanation-1: -Lichens are sensitive to atmospheric pollution such as nitrogen (N) because they receive all their nutrients and water from wet and dry atmospheric deposition (fall out). Nitrogen deposition can increase the load of nutrients.
Detailed explanation-2: -Lichens are useful bioindicators for air and water pollution specially for sulphur dioxide pollution. They are also useful in the detection of toxic elemental pollutants and radioactive metals.
Detailed explanation-3: -The only commonly used biological indicator in estuaries is chlorophyll-a, which is a measure of phytoplankton population density. In coastal embayments, indicators such as seagrass condition or condition of fringing coral reefs are sometimes used.