OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -Herbicides can injure foliage, shoots, flowers, and fruits. If injury is severe enough, either from one incident or repeated exposure, it may reduce yield, produce poor fruit quality, distort ornamental or nursery plants, and occasionally cause plant death.

Detailed explanation-2: -Herbicides can act by inhibiting cell division, photosynthesis or amino acid production or by mimicking natural plant growth hormones, causing deformities (Ross and Childs 1996). Application methods include spraying onto foliage, applying to soils and applying directly to aquatic systems.

Detailed explanation-3: -While herbicide damage can be difficult to identify in trees, the most common symptoms are twisted, deformed, discolored, and cupped leaves. Defoliation of the entire tree or select branches is also common. Re-sprouting leaves will often be tiny, exhibit a chlorotic, yellowish color and be tightly clustered.