OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -Bark is the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants such as trees. It overlays the wood and consists of three layers, the cork, the phloem, and the vascular cambium.

Detailed explanation-2: -The cork cambium forms a major portion of the bark of woody plants. The secondary phloem also is part of the bark, but of course phloem is produced by the vascular cambium. The cork cambium first arises within the cortex as a concentric layer forming a cylinder of dividing cells (Fig. 1.9).

Detailed explanation-3: -The bark of the tree comprises all the tissues outside the vascular cambium. Various kinds of cell layers that constitute the bark are – Periderm (phellogen, phellem and phelloderm), primary cortex, pericycle, primary and secondary phloem. These all tissues are present outside the vascular cambium.

Detailed explanation-4: -Xylem is not part of the bark, whereas phloem is included. Cork, sometimes confused with bark in colloquial speech, is the outermost layer of a woody stem, derived from the cork cambium.