OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -Scientists attribute soil formation to the following factors: Parent material, climate, biota (organisms), topography and time.

Detailed explanation-2: -Soil Formation:-Topography Topography refers to the steepness, landscape position and surface shape of a section of land. In the topographic diagram (top right):-the low lying silt loam soil has developed from alluvial deposits (an old riverbed)-the clay soil has developed from weathering of mudstone.

Detailed explanation-3: -Topography has a strong influence on soil development. Soils on the side of hills tend to be shallow, due to erosional losses. Soils on the tops of hills tend to be deep, but lighter in color, due to downward leaching losses. Soils in the valleys tend to be deeper, darker, and contain more horizons.

Detailed explanation-4: -Topography (Relief, Altitude, and Slope):-It is considered a passive factor in climate change because it influences soil processes, soil distribution, and the form of vegetation. 7. Time:-The formation of the soil is not a one-day process, but takes several years of formation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Water, wind, temperature change, gravity, chemical interaction, living organisms and pressure differences all help break down parent material. The types of parent materials and the conditions under which they break down will influence the properties of the soil formed.