OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gymnosperms do not bear flowers at any stage of reproduction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gymnosperms have pollen but no flowers. Pollen is made by the male cones from microspores that come from microsporocytes created during meiosis. Using the wind, the pollen granules pollinate the female cones. Gymnosperms came into existence in the early Mesozoic era about 359 to 299 million years ago.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gymnosperms produce male and female cones which are responsible for the production of reproductive cells. Male cones produce pollen and female cones produce eggs and house developing embryos.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gymnosperms produce seeds (Figure 8.1. 1) and, together with flowering plants, constitute the seed plants. Although gymnosperms do not produce flowers and fruits, they still have embryos enclosed in a protective barrier or seed coat.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gymnosperms have naked ovules, hence they do not have ovary. In angiosperms after fertilisation ovule develops into seed and ovary wall into pericarp. They together constitute a fruit. But in the absence of ovary, there would be no formation of fruit in gymnosperms.