OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -In addition to the plant material in leaf litter, humus is composed of decaying animals, such as insects, and other organisms, such as mushrooms. Humus is dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays. When plants drop leaves, twigs, and other material to the ground, it piles up.

Detailed explanation-2: -The breakdown of the humus is carried out by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms like earthworms. For example, earthworms will excrete nitrogen when consuming hummus. To create rich humus or organic matter, some farmers or growers will create compost, providing a fertile ground for plant growth.

Detailed explanation-3: -As microbes are the carbon and nutrient mediators and, by reacting with abiotic conditions in the soil, they result in the formation of humus [7].

Detailed explanation-4: -Cellulose is a simpler molecule which is able to be decomposed by microorganisms more quickly than lignin.

Detailed explanation-5: -In classical soil science, humus is the dark organic matter in soil that is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter. It is a kind of soil organic matter. It is rich in nutrients and retains moisture in the soil. Humus is the Latin word for “earth” or “ground".