OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -This layer consists of both organic matter and other decomposed materials. The topsoil is soft and porous to hold enough air and water. In this layer, the seed germination takes place and new roots are produced which grows into a new plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -The layers of the soil are called horizons. The uppermost horizon is called the topsoil layer. The topsoil layer is a mixture of sand, silt, clay and broken down organic matter, called humus.

Detailed explanation-3: -A HORIZON-This is the layer that we call “topsoil” and it is located just below the O Horizon. This layer is made up of minerals and decomposed organic matter and it is also very dark in color. This is the layer that many plants roots grow in.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients. It also plays host to significant bacterial, fungal and entomological activity without which soil quality would degrade and become less suitable for plants.

Detailed explanation-5: -Topsoil, subsoil and bedrock are three different layers with unique characteristics. Top soil is the first soil layer, rich in nutrients and moisture. Subsoil is the middle soil layer, rich in minerals. And bedrock is the bottom layer, made of rock.