OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -The A horizon, called topsoil by most growers, is the surface mineral layer where organic matter accumulates. Over time, this layer loses clay, iron, and other materials to leaching. This loss is called eluviation.

Detailed explanation-2: -A soil horizon accumulating leached and eluviated materials is referred to as a zone of illuviation. Laterite soil, which develops in regions with high temperature and heavy rainfall, is an example of this process in action.

Detailed explanation-3: -Eluviation is the movement of water that removes dissolved or suspended material from a layer or layers of soil when rainfall exceeds evaporation. Leaching is the term used to describe the loss of material in the solution.

Detailed explanation-4: -Eluviation-illuviation refers to the preferential removal of constituents such as clays, organic chelates and oxides from one zone and their subsequent accumulation in another zone within the profile.

Detailed explanation-5: -The E horizon is the zone of greatest eluviation. Because the clay, chemicals, and organic matter are leached, the color of the E horizon is very light. This horizon usually occurs in sandy forest soils with high amounts of rainfall.